![]() In 1980, Tim Berners-Lee, at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Switzerland, built ENQUIRE, as a personal database of people and software models, but also as a way to experiment with hypertext each new page of information in ENQUIRE had to be linked to another page. Paul Otlet's project Mundaneum has also been named as an early 20th-century precursor of the Web. Other precursors were FRESS and Intermedia. Both Nelson and Engelbart were in turn inspired by Vannevar Bush's microfilm-based memex, which was described in the 1945 essay " As We May Think". The underlying concept of hypertext as a user interface paradigm originated in projects in the 1960s, from research such as the Hypertext Editing System (HES) by Andries van Dam at Brown University, IBM Generalized Markup Language, Ted Nelson's Project Xanadu, and Douglas Engelbart's oN-Line System (NLS). See also: History of the Internet and History of hypertext ![]() The use of social media, becoming common-place in the 2010s, allowed users to compose multimedia content without programming skills, making the Web ubiquitous in every-day life. AJAX programming delivered dynamic content to users, which sparked a new era in Web design, styled Web 2.0. The language was extended with advanced formatting in Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and with programming capability by JavaScript. The features of HTML evolved over time, leading to HTML version 2 in 1995, HTM元 and HTML4 in 1997, and HTML5 in 2014. Following the complete removal of commercial restrictions on Internet use by 1995, commercialization of the Web amidst macroeconomic factors led to the dot-com boom and bust in the late 1990s and early 2000s. This spurred competition in server and browser software, highlighted in the Browser wars which was initially dominated by Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer. Websites for use by the general public began to emerge in 1994. It was a graphical browser which ran on several popular office and home computers, bringing multimedia content to non-technical users by including images and text on the same page. After publishing the markup language in 1991, and releasing the browser source code for public use in 1993, many other web browsers were soon developed, with Marc Andreessen's Mosaic (later Netscape Navigator), being particularly easy to use and install, and often credited with sparking the Internet boom of the 1990s. He developed the first web server, the first web browser, and a document formatting protocol, called Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). He proposed a "universal linked information system" using several concepts and technologies, the most fundamental of which was the connections that existed between information. Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web while working at CERN in 1989. The World Wide Web ("The history of the Internet and the history of hypertext date back significantly farther than that of the World Wide Web.
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